Showing posts with label politics. Show all posts
Showing posts with label politics. Show all posts

Monday, February 27, 2017

The Cozy Book Corner No. 12: Dystopian Fiction and Its Current Relevance, Part I



Welcome to my Monday 
bookish feature!

In each weekly post, I explore 
my thoughts on several 
book-related topics.




https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/18079524-it-can-t-happen-here



The disastrous, pernicious effects of the 2016 election results are being felt by everyone in this country, although some refuse to acknowledge them as being, in fact, just that: pernicious. 

Donald J. Trump, who so obviously and thoroughly used to enjoy telling his reality show participants, "You're fired!" (yes, the glee was evident on his face) is now the president of this great country. From "The Apprentice" and "Celebrity Apprentice" to the White House....how insane is that?! However, Trump has always shown his true colors. He's a classic narcissist who loves power and control. Now, unfortunately, he has it. Totally. I say "totally" because it's very evident that few in the GOP are opposing him. Perhaps, and hopefully, that situation will soon change, especially if solid proof emerges of Trump's ties with Putin. 

Unbelievably, this country is now being led by a man who has a personality disorder, a man who tolerates no opposition, a man who attacks the media simply because they are reporting the truth about his own "fake news", his own "alternative facts".

I am totally amazed that these things are happening in these United States of America. 

In the wake of the sweeping chaos created by "The Trump Tsunami", I've discovered that the popularity of dystopian novels such as Brave New World and 1984 has soared. Indeed, this has been pointed out in several articles on the Web, such as the one by Madeline Raynor at EW, published on January 31, 2017. In this article, titled "Classic dystopian novels' popularity surges in Trump's America", Raynor names the novels that are selling out on Amazon, as a result of the madness we're seeing coming from the White House.

The Number One spot is held by George Orwell's 1984. While this novel is a satirical look at socialist, and not fascist, totalitarianism, the main theme is that "Big Brother is watching you", and thus, one cannot express one's views freely. This is a salient feature of all dictatorships, be they of the Left or the Right. Views opposing those of the reigning regime are stifled, silenced. 

We have certainly seen the stifling of opposition by the Trump administration, and very recently, too. Respected journalistic entities such as CNN and "The New York Times" were recently banned by Trump sycophant Sean Spicer from an informal White House briefing, known as a "gaggle". Trump considers CNN and "The New York Times", as well as other so-called "liberal" (translation: objective) news media, to be purveyors of "fake news", for the simple reason that they criticize his policies. In his paranoid egotism however, he perceives them as merely being personally  "antagonistic" toward him. Conservative news media were, however, invited to attend the briefing, precisely because they support his policies, whether or not they are unfair and cruel. This points to a stifling of opposing views, and an endorsement of those views that line up with the Trump administration's take on reality. 

The second book mentioned in the Raynor article is It Can't Happen Here, by Sinclair Lewis, which I have just purchased from Amazon. The Goodreads synopsis reads, in part, as follows: "A cautionary tale about the fragility of democracy, it is an alarming, eerily timeless look at how fascism could take hold in America. Written during the Great Depression, when the country was largely oblivious to Hitler’s aggression, it juxtaposes sharp political satire with the chillingly realistic rise of a president who becomes a dictator to save the nation from welfare cheats, sex, crime, and a liberal press. Called “a message to thinking Americans” by the Springfield Republican when it was published in 1935, It Can’t Happen Here is a shockingly prescient novel that remains as fresh and contemporary as today’s news."

From the quote above, it seems chillingly evident that Lewis actually wrote a prophetic novel, as his main character bears a frightening, and very close resemblance, to Donald Trump. Indeed, one reviewer on Goodreads, Michael Finocchiaro, pointed out, in his review of Lewis's novel, that " all the bookshops there had Roth's The Plot Against America and It Can't Happen Here by Sinclair Lewis." (He's referring to bookstores in London.) You can check out his entire review in the link below.

What strikes me the most about the Goodreads synopsis is this part of the quote: "....with the chillingly realistic rise of a president who becomes a dictator to save the nation from welfare cheats, sex, crime, and a liberal press." This sounds too similar to Trump's agenda for comfort. While Trump has not concentrated his so-called "reforms" on sex, the other parts of this quote do indeed sound eerily like some of his campaign promises. He, too, wants to get rid of "welfare cheats", as well as "crime" (in the person of illegal immigrants), and "a liberal press." Bingo! Lewis must have had a crystal ball hidden somewhere in his closet.

Here's another incredibly prescient, highly relevant quote, this one directly from Lewis's novel: "I know the Press only too well. Almost all editors hide away in spider-dens, men without thought of Family or Public Interest or the humble delights of jaunts out-of-doors, plotting how they can put over their lies, and advance their own positions and fill their greedy pocketbooks by calumniating Statesmen who have given their all for the common good and who are vulnerable because they stand out in the fierce Light that beats around the Throne. Zero Hour, Berzelius Windrip.”

I got chills up my spine as I read this. It sounds remarkably like Trump's attacks on the American press. The tone of paranoia and even contempt is very much the same. This is truly amazing, as this novel was first published in 1935. Yet, here we are, in 2017, seeing it become a reality!

In third place on Raynor's list is Brave New World, by Aldous Huxley. First published in 1932, this novel envisions a world in which there are no nations, but a World State in which everyone is "happy", due to the use of drugs, brainwashing, and genetic engineering. The year in which the events in the novel take place is 2540 AD. I don't think, however, that such a dire situation would actually become a reality in this country, at least, with Trump at the helm. He's just too much of a nationalist for this scenario to actually become real. Future presidents, though, could bring us closer to this horrible future. But at present, perhaps this book doesn't represent much of a prophetic warning to Americans.

In fourth place in Raynor's article is The Handmaid's Tale, by Margaret Ashwood. In this novel, which I have been wanting to read for some time now, there's a totalitarian state that actually assigns certain fertile women -- known as "handmaids" to certain men, for the express purpose of having children with them, as fertility rates are very low in this future society.

Although the above scenario sounds like a nightmare, as sex is totally divorced from love and family, and engaged in only as "a duty to humanity", I really don't see this as ever happening in this country, or anywhere else in the world, for that matter. First of all, something would have to cause fertility rates to fall. Then, the whole structure of our society would have to be drastically modified in order to force fertile women to have sex with men they neither love nor wish to commit to. What kind of something could have such an effect on world fertility rates? Besides, we Americans have always been averse to theocracies such as the one depicted in this novel. Surely our constitution would ensure that this type of government never took hold here. Right? Right? On the other hand, I don't know.... The Alt-Right now seems to have come into its own, alarmingly enough. And Christian Fundamentalism is unfortunately pretty much aligned with the extreme right-wing values of this group, as well as those of the Tea Party. So one does have to wonder.....

Of the four novels mentioned above, I think the one that most closely predicts, and mirrors, our present situation is It Can't Happen Here. In light of current events, this title is also most ironic, because, sadly, it IS happening here. Raynor even references a Salon article by Malcolm Harris, published on September 29, 2015, and titled, "It really can happen here: The novel that foreshadowed Trump's authoritarian appeal". There's a very telling quote from this article in Raynor's own. In it, Harris states: “With his careful mix of plainspoken honesty and reactionary delusion, Trump is following an old rhetorical playbook, one defined and employed successfully in the 1936 presidential campaign of Senator Berzelius ‘Buzz’ Windrip.” Indeed!

There's another dystopian novel I'd like to point out, although perhaps it doesn't completely mimic what's currently going on in the chaotic tangle that is the Trump White House. It's Fahrenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury. In this incredibly powerful novel, which I've read and reviewed (I have not read the ones mentioned above), books are completely forbidden, in the interests of keeping the masses happy and numbed to anything that would create dissension. There are firemen in the book, but their task, instead of saving lives, is that of rooting out hidden book collections, for the purpose of burning them.

Given Trump's penchant for attacking those who disagree with him, who knows but that this might actually happen in the not-so-distant future, except not quite in the way envisioned by Bradbury. In fact, this unbalanced man might go as far as to seize total control of the Internet, as well as of all publications, whether magazines, newspapers, printed books, and ebooks. It sounds like a totally nightmarish scenario, but we thought someone like Trump would only remain a fictional character in a novel written back in the 1930s by one Sinclair Lewis.....

As this is a topic of high current relevance, I will have to continue exploring it in a subsequent post next week. I hope to bring up more dystopian novels that contain totalitarian elements, and thus, are currently MUST READS.


Online Links






What are your thoughts 
on this topic?
Please leave a comment
and let me know!







Tuesday, May 10, 2016

Tuesday Intros No. 10: The Deadly Sisterhood, by Leonie Frieda



Welcome to First Chapter, First Paragraph Tuesday Intros,
hosted by Diane @

Every Tuesday, each participant
shares the first paragraph 
(sometimes two) from a book
they're reading,
or thinking about reading.


The book I've picked this week is...



 The Deadly Sisterhood: A Story of
Women, Power, and Intrigue
in the Italian Renaissance 
Leonie Frieda
Hardcover, 379 pages
HarperCollins Publishers 
April 2, 2013
Biography, Feminism, History,  
Nonfiction, Politics


https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/15728776-the-deadly-sisterhood




About the Book
  
The book is one of drama on a grand scale, a Renaissance epic, as Christendom emerged from the shadows of the calamitous 14th century. The sweeping tale involves inspired and corrupt monarchs, the finest thinkers, the most brilliant artists, and the greatest beauties in Christendom.

Here is the story of eight of its most remarkable women, who were all joined by birth, marriage and friendship, and who ruled for a time in place of their men-folk: Lucrezia Turnabuoni (Queen Mother of Florence, the power behind the Medici throne), Clarice Orsini (Roman princess, feudal wife), Beatrice d'Este (Golden Girl of the Renaissance), Caterina Sforza (Lioness of the Romagna), Isabella d'Este (the Acquisitive Marchesa), Giulia Farnese ('la bella', the family asset), Isabella d'Aragona (the Weeping Duchess) and Lucrezia Borgia (the Virtuous Fury). The men play a secondary role in this grand saga; whenever possible the action will be seen through the eyes of our eight heroines.

These eight women experienced great riches, power and the warm smile of fortune, but they also knew banishment, poverty, the death of a husband or the loss of one or more of their children. As each of the chosen heroines comes to the fore in her turn, she is handed the baton by her 'sister'. Acclaimed author Leonie Frieda recounts the role each woman played in the hundred-year drama that is THE DEADLY SISTERHOOD.
 



Prologue

She-Wolf of the Romagna

 14 April 1488


During the late afternoon of Monday, 14 April 1488, inside the ruler's palace at Forli, a family party had just finished their cena. Caterina Sforza, the twenty-five-year-old countess of the small state, rose from the table. At the same time, the tall and fashionably slender beauty, whose long, fair hair framed her renowned features, glanced at her mother and two half-sisters, recently arrived from the mighty Sforza dominion of Milan. Her expression told them to follow her lead. Upon reaching the flabby figure of Caterina's husband, Girolamo Riario, Count of Forli, Lord of Imola and nephew of the late Pope Sixtus IV, the three guests each dropped a deep curtsey, taking their leave. Finally, Caterina made her usual elegant révérence and retired. She would not see her husband alive again.
  





I won this book in a blog giveaway a couple of years ago, and can't believe I haven't read it yet! I don't usually read much history, but this one is definitely very interesting. History textbooks don't tell the stories of empires and nations from women's point of view, so I do want to read this one!
What do you think? Would you continue reading? 






Monday, March 7, 2016

Book Review: Why We Can't Wait, by Martin Luther King, Jr.


Why We Can't Wait
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Trade Paperback, 193 pages
Beacon Press (Reissue Edition)
January 11, 2011
Classics, African-American Studies, American History, Civil Rights Movement, Memoir, Nonfiction, Politics, Social Justice

Book Synopsis

Dr. King’s best-selling account of the civil rights movement in Birmingham during the spring and summer of 1963.

Often applauded as Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s most incisive and eloquent book, Why We Can’t Wait recounts the Birmingham campaign in vivid detail, while underscoring why 1963 was such a crucial year for the civil rights movement. During this time, Birmingham, Alabama, was perhaps the most racially segregated city in the United States, but the campaign launched by Fred Shuttlesworth, King, and others demonstrated to the world the power of nonviolent direct action. King examines the history of the civil rights struggle and the tasks that future generations must accomplish to bring about full equality. The book also includes the extraordinary “Letter from Birmingham Jail,” which King wrote in April of 1963.



https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/9721325-why-we-can-t-wait



My Review


This was the first book by the great civil rights leader that I have ever read, and it was not only brilliantly-written, but evocative and poignant. It's not only a detailed narration of facts, but an incisive exposition of the African-American soul.

There are two introductions. The first was written by Dorothy F. Cotton, who was the Education Director for the Southern Christian Leadership Conference at the time, and worked closely with Dr. King.

The second introduction was written by King, and is an unforgettable picture of the abject conditions of many African-Americans in a segregated society. It's heart-breaking reading, and also feels like the beginning of a novel. Had he wanted to write fiction, I believe Dr. King would have done a brilliant job; he was as eloquent a writer as he was an orator.

King's central theme in this powerful book is that the year 1963 was a very significant one for the American Negro, as it marked the 100-year anniversary of Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation. He found it highly ironic that conditions for African-Americans had not changed all that much in the years since President Lincoln signed this famous document. In eloquent, visceral prose, he paints a picture of what he terms "The Negro Revolution: "Why was it this year that the American Negro, so long ignored, so long written out of the pages of history books, tramped a declaration of freedom with his marching feet across the pages of newspapers, the television screens and the magazines?" (pg. 8) 

King decried the slow pace of integration in Southern schools, despite the 1954 Supreme Court ruling that ordered integration be implemented as quickly as possible. The Supreme Court itself contradicted its own ruling by approving the Pupil Placement Law, which "....permitted the states themselves to determine where school children might be placed by virtue of family background, special ability and other subjective criteria." (pg. 10) This law had the unsurprising effect of slowing down the process of school integration. 

One of the  important points made by the author was that conditions in the North were not much better; Negro victimization was simply more subtle. 

King's philosophy of nonviolence was rooted in his Christian beliefs; he was, after all, a Baptist pastor. In the second chapter of the book, he references the nonviolence of the early Christians, which eventually wore down the mighty Roman Empire. This was also the reason he opposed the Vietnam War, and was accused of being a Communist as a result. Although he makes no mention of this war in the book, I have done some research on the subject. King's contention was that the war against communism would be much better fought with the tools of democracy. 

Dr. King also admired the example of Ghandi's nonviolent movement, which eventually brought about the end of British colonialism in India. 

In pointing out these examples -- he also referenced the novel To Kill A Mockingbird, by Harper Lee -- the author emphasizes that the philosophy of nonviolence goes against the grain of what is considered "American manhood". He admits that this is not an easy philosophy to follow and implement; however, he insists that it takes as much bravery as the easier, time-honored response of violent retaliation. According to Dr. King, the force of moral courage can be just as effective, if not more so, as the force of violence in achieving justice.

At the time King wrote this book, segregation in many Southern cities was not limited to public schools, but extended into every area of public life. Lunch counters in stores and restaurants, for instance, were segregated. Water fountains and public restrooms were, as well. Even churches were segregated; African-Americans were not welcome in white churches. 

The segregationist authorities in Alabama had even succeeded in keeping the NAACP out of the state by declaring it "a foreign corporation", thus making its activities within the state illegal.

It was very obvious that the ugly hate of prejudice blanketed the South. Perhaps nowhere was this more evident than in Birmingham, Alabama, the city targeted by the civil rights movement as the one in which nonviolent demonstrations would be most effective. King called it "the most segregated city in America". In fact, he goes on to state that the city appeared to have been frozen in time. This was in large part due to George Wallace, the segregationist governor at the time. It was also in large part due to the then Commissioner of Public Safety for the city of Birmingham, Theophilus Eugene Connor, commonly known as "Bull" Connor. In the Wikipedia article about him, Connor is labeled as "a fascist and racist American politician". Ironically, he was a registered Democrat.

During the Southern Christian Leadership Conference's Birmingham campaign, which King described in this book, Connor ordered the use of fire hoses, set to the highest pressure, against civil rights protesters. He also ordered that police attack dogs be let loose on them. Children were not excepted from these horrible tactics, and many were injured by the hoses and dogs. 

King recounts how the Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth, who had organized the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights in 1956, was himself knocked down by the force of the water from a fire hose during a demonstration. He was injured, and taken to the hospital. When told about this, Bull Connor expressed regret that Shuttlesworth had not been carried away in a hearse. Connor died in 1973; he will only be remembered as a hate-filled segregationist who was fortunately unsuccessful in detaining the inexorable movement of history toward full racial equality.

The activities of the movement involved marching, sit-ins, and singing freedom songs, as well as negotiations with the white city government and business owners of the city. Many of these owners had Jim Crow signs posted on their store windows, which King and his associates demanded be taken down. Other points of negotiation, with the business owners as well as city authorities were: better jobs for the African-American population, release of demonstrators jailed during the campaign, and ongoing "diplomatic relations" between black and white leaders. An agreement with the city government was finally reached on Friday, May 10, 1963, in which the government agreed to implement desegregation within 90 days.

Sadly, not long after this agreement was reached, an assassination attempt was made on King's life, by the local Ku Klux Klan. This resulted in violent rioting, and the National Guard was eventually brought in. The home of Dr. King's brother, the Rev. A.D. King, was also bombed. Fortunately, neither Dr. King nor his brother, or his brother's family, were injured in these attacks.

The book includes the famous "Letter from Birmingham Jail". This letter was King's reply to a public statement made by eight fellow clergymen in an Alabama newspaper. In responding to their criticism of the Birmingham campaign as "unwise and untimely", he emphasizes that they should be more concerned with the causes that brought about the demonstrations.

The most famous quote from the letter states: "Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere." In the letter, King insists that people have a right to take nonviolent, direct action to oppose unjust legislation, rather than wait for the courts to decide the matter.

The book also describes the August 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, at which Dr. King delivered his famous, and stirring, "I Have A Dream" speech. He was pleased by the participation of many white churches, but very disappointed with the lack of support from the AFL-CIO.

The book concludes with the hope that civil rights legislation will be the primary focus of the Johnson administration, and stresses another important theme -- African-Americans want those rights that are already theirs through the Constitution, the Bill of Rights, and Judeo-Christian moral values. King stated: "We need a powerful sense of determination to banish the ugly blemish of racism scarring the image of America." (pg. 152) He further stated: "The shape of the world will not permit us the luxury of gradualism and procrastination. Not only is it immoral, it will not work. It will not work because Negroes know they have the right to be free. It will not work because Negroes have discovered, in nonviolent direct action, an irresistible force to propel what has been for so long an immovable object." (pg. 153)

This book is a work of immense power, as well as of dignity, honor, and beauty. It reflects the greatness of a people shaking off the shackles of psychological slavery to stand tall, proud, and free, as members of a pluralistic society that needs their valuable input, their integrity, their commitment to American democratic values. In short, this book is a testament to the inviolability and greatness of the human spirit, and should be read by everyone who holds such values dear. I give it five stars, although it really deserves ten!  






About the Author


(From Goodreads)

Martin Luther King, Jr. was one of the pivotal leaders of the American civil rights movement. King was a Baptist minister, one of the few leadership roles available to black men at the time. He became a civil rights activist early in his career. He led the Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955–1956) and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (1957), serving as its first president. His efforts led to the 1963 March on Washington, where King delivered his “I Have a Dream” speech. Here he raised public consciousness of the civil rights movement and established himself as one of the greatest orators in U.S. history. In 1964, King became the youngest person to receive the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to end segregation and racial discrimination through civil disobedience and other non-violent means.

King was assassinated on April 4, 1968, in Memphis, Tennessee. He was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Jimmy Carter in 1977. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day was established as a national holiday in the United States in 1986. In 2004, King was posthumously awarded a Congressional Gold Medal.